Rattling noise from front brakes

Hello fellow riders. I own a 2021 TVS Apache 160 4V. I've only clocked around 7k kms in the past 3 years as my parents are petrified of driving a bike on our highways. The bike has served me well with no issues whatsoever.

However I met with an accident past year with an auto that sideswiped me because he saw a potential "bhada" . Since then I've been hearing rattling sounds from my brakes whenever I make a turn. When I went for my routine service a few months ago, I pointed this issue out along with video proof (captured using action cam). They told me it was some debris and after cleaning it the noise is gone. I test rode it, made few 8s, and was not able to hear it. But now again I'm noticing it. Today after taking a closer look, I found that the brake pad is hitting a metal structure, which causes the rattle whenever the tyre turns, and consequently vibrates(encircled):

Also, the caliper seems to be held on by on one bolt? (indicated by arrow):

This is the first bike my family owns, so I never had any exposure to how they work. Is this supposed to be like this?

Also, the noise occurs when the tire vibrates, which I tried to recreate by hitting the tire: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1PxN...ew?usp=sharing